Erlandsen Magnusson (effectsingle38)

The posterior distribution of the rate of replication of intracellular bacteria is consistent with the estimate that the time between rounds of bacterial division is less than 6 hours in vivo.Background An outbreak of respiratory disease associated with adenovirus type 7 occurred in a boot camp in China and was characterized by many cases, severe symptoms, and intrapulmonary infection in many patients. Methods We implemented a series of comprehensive preventive and control measures. We analyzed the incubation period and generation time by using the maximum likelihood method, assessed the symptom period and hospitalization duration using the Kaplan-Meier method, and estimated the basic reproductive number and dormitory transmission rate by using established methods. Results The epidemic lasted for 30 days, and 375 individuals were affected. Overall, 109 patients were hospitalized, and 266 individuals were isolated and treated. The median incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.0 to 5.4 days). The median generation time was 7.3 days (95% CI 7.1 to 7.6 days). The median symptom period was 6 days (95% CI 6 to 7 days). The median hospitalization duration was 9 days (95% CI 9 to 11 days). The basic reproductive number was 5.1 (95% CI 4.6 to 5.6), and the dormitory transmission rate was 0.15 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.18). Conclusion Patients in the early stage of the epidemic were treated as having a regular cold and were not isolated; therefore, the virus continued to be transmitted to other susceptible individuals.This Letter reports the behavior of the slow-light resonances of a strong apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in which the intrinsic loss is compensated for by a small internal gain. The 6.5-mm FBG, written with a femtosecond laser in an Er-doped single-mode fiber, was pumped at ∼1475nm just below the lasing threshold to offset most of its intrinsic loss, thereby narrowing its resonances. The fundamental slow-light resonance was measured to have a linewidth of 8.5 fm, or a record group velocity of ∼22km/s, and a peak transmission near unity (-0.2dB). The measured dependencies of the linewidth and peak transmission on pump power agree well with a new model that predicts the transmission spectrum of loss-compensated FBGs in the presence of pump and signal saturation.We demonstrate that a single Gaussian-like beam can self-bend during nonlinear propagation in a uniform photonic lattice. The two components of the beam experiencing normal and anomalous diffractions spontaneously separate and form a pair in a diametric-drive acceleration due to nonlinear action. Such a diametric drive generally describes a jointly accelerating behavior of two beams analogous to positive- and negative-mass objects. Selleckchem E64d The influences of the initial momentum of the input beam and the nonlinear strength are considered in this process. We further realize a self-bending propagation for a partially coherent light beam and discuss the impact of incoherence on the acceleration strength.The internal modification of glass using ultrashort pulse lasers has been attracting attention in a wide range of applications. However, the remarkably low processing speed has impeded its use in the industry. In this study, we achieved ultrafast internal modification of glass by coaxially focusing a single-pulse femtosecond laser and continuous-wave (CW) laser with the wavelength that is transparent to the glass. Compared with the conventional method, the processing speed increased by a factor of 500. The observation of high-speed phenomena revealed that the CW laser was absorbed by the seed electrons that were generated by the femtosecond laser pulse. This technique may help expand the applications of femtosecond lasers in the industry.Pairs of sidebands about the transient stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) 1086cm-1 vibration mode peak are observed for calcite under 517 nm 390 fs pulse excitation. These pairs of side frequency lobes arise