Randolph Ebsen (dreamsound6)

Chronic kidney disease is estimated to affect up to 6% of women of reproductive age. Maternity care represents an opportunity for early diagnosis but there is limited understanding of chronic kidney disease aetiology occurring in or revealed by pregnancy. A retrospective evaluation of renal biopsies during and after pregnancy between 2000 and 2015 was undertaken. A large academic health centre pathology database was searched for free text pregnancy-related terms, restricted to typology code 71000 (kidney). Indications and findings of postpartum renal biopsies were reviewed. Sixty-three renal biopsy reports were identified. Of 45 biopsies performed postpartum, 34 (75.6%) investigated persistent postpartum proteinuria. 20/34 (70.6%) of these biopsies yielded a primary renal disease, and 6/34 (17.6%) women had progressed to end stage renal disease at latest follow-up. Renal biopsy findings of women investigated for persistent postpartum proteinuria revealed a high incidence of histological diagnosis of de novo renal disease. Renal biopsy findings of women investigated for persistent postpartum proteinuria revealed a high incidence of histological diagnosis of de novo renal disease.The most common arrhythmias detected during pregnancy include sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and sinus arrhythmia, identified in 0.1% of pregnancies. Isolated premature atrial or ventricular arrhythmias are observed in 0.03% of pregnancies. Arrhythmias may become more frequent during pregnancy or may manifest for the first time.Electronic nicotine delivery systems have been commercially available in the United States since 2007. Despite a decrease in combustible cigarette use, electronic nicotine delivery systems use has dramatically increased among both adults and adolescents. These devices have been marketed as smoking cessation aids, although data on their efficacy are scarce. Pregnant women are an especially vulnerable population susceptible to claims of safety and efficacy, and the medical community remains inadequately informed on how to counsel these women. The purpose of this article is to review known literature regarding the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems in pregnancy, to understand the differences between cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems use in pregnancy, and to further guide clinicians on how to advise the pregnant woman on their use.Over the last century scientific research has become an increasingly collaborative endeavor. Commentators have pointed to different factors which contribute to this trend, including the specialization of science and growing need for diversity of interest and expertise areas in a scientific team. Very few studies, however, have precisely evaluated how the diversity of interest topics between researchers is related to the emergence of collaboration. Existing theoretical arguments suggest a curvilinear relationship between topic similarity and collaboration too little similarity can complicate communication and agreement, yet too much overlap can increase competition and limit the potential for synergy. We test this idea using data on six years of publications across all disciplines at a large U.S. research university (approximately 14,300 articles, 12,500 collaborations, and 3,400 authors). Employing topic modelling and network statistical models, we analyze the relationship between topic overlap and the likelihood of coauthorship between two researchers while controlling for potential confounders. We find an inverted-U relationship in which the probability of collaboration initially increases with topic similarity, then rapidly declines after peaking at a similarity "sweet spot". Forskolin Collaboration is most likely at low-to-moderate levels of topic overlap, which are substantially lower than the average self-similarity of scientists or research groups. These findings - which we replicate for different units of analysis (indivi