Bryan Drew (draincomb0)

Biomolecular condensation via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of intrinsically disordered proteins/regions (IDPs/IDRs), with and without nucleic acids, has drawn widespread interest due to the rapidly unfolding role of phase-separated condensates in a diverse range of cellular functions and human diseases. Biomolecular condensates form via transient and multivalent intermolecular forces that sequester proteins and nucleic acids into liquid-like membrane-less compartments. However, aberrant phase transitions into gel-like or solid-like aggregates might play an important role in neurodegenerative and other diseases. Tau, a microtubule-associated neuronal IDP, is involved in microtubule stabilization, regulates axonal outgrowth and transport in neurons. A growing body of evidence indicates that tau can accomplish some of its cellular activities via LLPS. However, liquid-to-solid transition resulting in the abnormal aggregation of tau is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The physical chemistry of tau is crucial for governing its propensity for biomolecular condensation which is governed by various intermolecular and intramolecular interactions leading to simple one-component and complex multi-component condensates. In this review, we aim at capturing the current scientific state in unveiling the intriguing molecular mechanism of phase separation of tau. We particularly focus on the amalgamation of existing and emerging biophysical tools that offer unique spatiotemporal resolutions on a wide range of length- and time-scales. We also discuss the link between quantitative biophysical measurements and novel biological insights into biomolecular condensation of tau. We believe that this account will provide a broad and multidisciplinary view of phase separation of tau and its association with physiology and disease. Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and function and has been associated with worsened outcomes, including disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients who had an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan completed within 7 days of hospital admission. A retrospective study was conducted. Adult patients admitted to either the general medical or surgical floor were included. Muscle function was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS, kg), completed within the first 48 hours of admission. Skeletal muscle index (SMI, kg/m ) at the third lumber region was calculated among patients who had an abdominal CT scan completed within 7 days of admission. Sarcopenia was identified by the combination of low SMI and HGS. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients diagnosed with sarcopenia. A total of 1318 patients were admitted; 11% (n = 141) had an abdominal CT scan completed within 7 days of admission. Only race and prevalence of malnutrition were different between patients who did and did not have a CT completed. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 13% (n = 18/141). Additionally, 39% of the sample was at risk for sarcopenia, with either low SMI (n = 13/141) or low HGS (n = 42/141). Overall prevalence of sarcopenia was low, but more than one-third of patients had either low SMI or low HGS. Minimal differences were observed between patients who did and did not have an abdominal CT scan completed upon admission. Overall prevalence of sarcopenia was low, but more than one-third of patients had either low SMI or low HGS. Minimal differences were observed between patients who did and did not have an abdominal CT scan completed upon admission. The first pass effect has been reported as a mechanical thrombectomy (MT) success metric in patients with large vessel occlusive stroke. We aimed to compare the clinical and neuroimagign outcomes of patients who had favorable recanalization (mTICI 2c or mTICI 3) achieved in one pass versus those requiring multiple passes. In this "real