Salinas Duelund (deerquail1)

Scleroderma citrinum, S. areolatum, and S. Selleckchem Darovasertib polyrhizum (Boletales) were found in 86% of the trees and represented 39% of total ECM root tips. The ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum (Mytilinidiales) was found in 80% of the trees but accounted only for 6% of the colonized root tips. These results could help to unveil the impact of grafting on fungal symbionts, improving management of chestnut agro-ecosystems and production of edible fungal species. From spring 2020, SARS-CoV‑2 began to spread worldwide, with what is now known as the first wave of the pandemic, starting in March 2020. This resulted in restructuring and shift of resources at many hospitals. The aim of our work was to detect the effects of the pandemic on the german Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ORL) university hospitals in terms of research, student teaching and further specialist training. The chairmen of the 39 ORL university hospitals in Germany were asked about the effects of the pandemic on research, student teaching and ORL specialist training (residency) in the period from March to April 2020 using a structured online survey. All 39chairmen took part in the survey. Of these, 74.4% (29/39) stated that their research activities had deteriorated as a result of the pandemic. In 61.5% (24/39) pandemic-related research issues were addressed. All hospitals reported a restriction for in-house teaching and 97.5% (38/39) introduced new digital teaching methods. During the observation period, 74.4% of the chairmen did not see ORL specialist training (residency)at risk. Our results provide an insight into the heterogeneous effects of the pandemic. The fast processing of pandemic-related research topics and the introduction of innovative digital concepts for student teaching impressively demonstrates the great innovative potential and the ability of the ORL university hospitals to react quickly in order to maintain their tasks in research, student teaching and ORL specialist training in the best possible way even during the pandemic. Our results provide an insight into the heterogeneous effects of the pandemic. The fast processing of pandemic-related research topics and the introduction of innovative digital concepts for student teaching impressively demonstrates the great innovative potential and the ability of the ORL university hospitals to react quickly in order to maintain their tasks in research, student teaching and ORL specialist training in the best possible way even during the pandemic.There is plethora of treatment options for surgeons dealing with salivary stones. During recent decades, emphasis has been laid on gland-preserving minimally invasive techniques for stone removal. In this context, visualization of salivary ducts with semirigid endoscopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the so-called sialendoscopy, has become increasingly important. This article gives an overview of indications for sialendoscopy and how the procedure is performed. Furthermore, sialendoscopy is discussed in the context of other modalities for salivary stone treatment.Besides cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychopharmacotherapy belongs to the first-line treatment approaches for anxiety disorders according to all national and international guidelines. According to studies and meta-analyses, modern antidepressants in particular have been proven to be effective. Depending on the substance, there are approvals for panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia. There are also approvals for other substance groups, e.g. anticonvulsants for generalized anxiety disorder. Benzodiazepines should be used with caution in view of the risk of dependency. Although effective and well-tolerated medications are available, up to 30% of patients still do not respond or do not respond adequately to treatment. Consequently, research efforts to develop new substances are important. Based on a better understandi