Carlsson Bachmann (deermouth95)

Nano structured Hausmannite (Mn3O4) has efficacious applications in numerous fields, such as catalytic, medical, biosensors, waste water remediation, energy storage devices etc. The potential application in wastewater treatment is due to its distinct structural features combined with fascinating physicochemical properties. Another area of interest is the oxidative properties imparted due to its reduction potential. Larger surface to volume ratio and high reactivity than the bulk form shows great progress as antimicrobial agent to control drug resistant microbial population. The distinct surface morphologies, crystalline forms, reaction conditions and synthetic methods exerts significant impact on the photo catalytic and bactericidal efficiency. Hence, the present paper focuses on a concise review of the multifarious study on synthetic methods of Mn3O4, growth mechanisms, structural forms, phase transformation and phase control, shape and dimensionality. The review also confers its applications towards photo catalytic and bactericidal studies. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Using exact computer arithmetic, it is possible to determine the (exact) solution of a numerical model without any rounding error. For such purposes, a corresponding system of equations should be exactly defined, either directly or by rationalising the numerically given input data. In the latter case, there is an initial round-off error, but this does not propagate during the solution process. If this system is exactly solved first and then using floating-point arithmetic, the convergence of the numerical method easily follows. As an example, the IRM-CG, which is an alternative to the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method and a special case of the more general Iterated Ritz Method (IRM), is verified. The method is not based on conjugacy; therefore, restarting strategies are not required, while an overrelaxation factor and preconditioning like techniques could be easily adopted. The exact arithmetic approach is introduced by means of a simple example and is then applied to small structural engineering problems. The perturbation of the displacement increment and the different condition numbers of the system matrix are used to check the stability of the algorithm. Interestingly, a large difference in the number of steps between the exact and numerical approaches is detected, even for well-conditioned systems. According to the tests, the IRM-CG may be considered to be stable and useful for not well-posed or well-posed but ill-conditioned models. Because the computer demands and execution time grow enormously with the number of unknowns using this strategy, three possibilities for larger systems are also provided. © 2020 The Author(s).Potential effects of demographics, personality, and ideological attitudes on the number of news sources consumed should be investigated. The number of news sources consumed, in turn, was seen as inverse proxy for the susceptibility to be caught in "filter bubbles" and/or "echo chambers" (online), which are hotly discussed topics also in politics. A sample of 1,681 (n = 557 males) participants provided data on demographics, the Big Five as well as Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) alongside the number of different news sources consumed and current voting preferences. Results showed that age (positively), gender (higher in males), Openness (positively), and RWA (negatively) predicted the number of different news sources consumed. The group of participants consuming news exclusively offline showed highest scores in Conscientiousness and lowest scores in Neuroticism compared to the "news feeds only" and the "news feeds and online" groups. However, less than 5% of the participants exclusively consumed news via news feeds of social networking sites. Participants who stated that they would not vote reported the lowest number of different news sources consumed. URMC-099 These findings reveal first insights into predisposing factors for the s