McWilliams Wiberg (datejury2)

A synthetic strategy to fused bicyclic piperidines-building blocks for medicinal chemistry-is developed. The key step was an intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocyclization. The photochemical step was performed on a gram scale. Crystallographic analysis of the obtained compounds revealed that they occupy a novel chemical space and can be considered as elongated analogues of 3-substituted piperidines.The recent "US-China trade war" has aroused concern over trade-related environmental impacts. This study built a multiregional computable general equilibrium model to simulate environmental impacts of the "US-China trade war" under different scenarios of tariff and nontariff barriers and the battlefield spreading ranges. The present study found that although the trade war will cause a global economic downturn, which will seemingly reduce environmental pressure globally, global carbon emissions are expected to increase rather than decline. On the one hand, the CO2 emission increase caused by land-use changes in Brazil and Argentina will far exceed the emission reduction because of decreased global production. #link# On the other hand, some countries/economies especially those developing countries such as Vietnam, Russia, and India will face emission increases driven by scale effects. GSK923295 as Korea, the UK, and France will enjoy a reduction in emissions driven by structural effects. China and the US will face a reduction in production and CO2 emissions, but their CO2 emission intensities will rise. The results remind us that as global production and supply chains are formed, it is important to closely monitor trade-related environmental impacts. Efforts should be made to balance the interests of trade and the environment.Isolating isomorphic compounds of tetravalent actinides (i.e., ThIV, UIV, NpIV, and PuIV) improve our understanding of the bonding behavior across the series, in addition to their relationship with tetravalent transition metals (Zr and Hf) and lanthanides (Ce). Similarities between these tetravalent metals are particularly illuminated in their hydrolysis and condensation behavior in aqueous systems, leading to polynuclear clusters typified by the hexamer [MIV6O4(OH)4]12+ building block. Prior studies have shown the predominance and coexistence of smaller species for ThIV (monomers, dimers, and hexamers) and larger species for UIV, NpIV, and PuIV (including 38-mers and 70-mers). We show here that aqueous uranium(IV) sulfate also displays behavior similar to that of ThIV (and ZrIV) in its isolated solid-phase and solution speciation. Two single-crystal X-ray structures are described a dihydroxide-bridged dimer (U 2 ) formulated as U2(OH)2(SO4)3(H2O)4 and a monomer-linked hexamer framework (U-U 6 ) as (U(H2O)3.5)2U6O4(OH)4(SO4)10(H2O)9. These structures are similar to those previously described for ThIV. Moreover, cocrystallization of monomer and dimer and of dimer and monomer-hexamer phases for both ThIV (prior) and UIV (current) indicates the coexistence of these species in solution. Because it was not possible to effectively study the sulfate-rich solutions via X-ray scattering from which U 2 and U-U 6 crystallized, we provide a parallel solution speciation study in low sulfate conditions, as a function of the pH. Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering of these show decreasing sulfate binding, increased hydrolysis, increased species size, and increased complexity, with increasing pH. This study describes a bridge across the first half the actinide series, highlighting UIV similarities to ThIV, in addition to the previously known similarities to the transuranic elements.A new mechanism of allostery in proteins, based on charge rather than structure, is reported. We demonstrate that dynamic redistribution of charge within a protein can control its function and affect its interaction with a binding partner. In particular, the association of an antibody with its target protein antigen