Jarvis Warming (curlerblue88)

19, 0.30, and 0.22 mg N d-1 kg-1 in no, low, and high PFOS, respectively), and N2O emission rates (0.01, 0.03, and 0.02 mg N d-1 kg-1 in no, low, and high PFOS, respectively) of bulk soil. The abundance of the archaea amoA gene decreased with increasing PFOS concentration, whereas that of bacterial amoA increased; inverted U-shaped responses were observed for narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ. In the PFOS-contaminated rhizosphere soil, the observed changes differed from those in the bulk soil and differed between treatments. P. communis tended to upregulate each step of the nitrogen cycle under low PFOS conditions, whereas L. salicaria tended to inhibit them. Under high PFOS conditions, both test plants tended to act as inhibitors of the soil N-cycle; thus, the effects of PFOS on soil N transformation were plant-specific.The snow dynamics in alpine systems play a significant role in the hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere interfaces of these regions. The storage of water resources as snow is essential for ecosystems, human consumption, tourism, and hydropower in many areas. However, snow data are usually scarce due to poor accessibility, difficulties to maintain monitoring system under harsh climatic conditions and limited economic funds. Most of the scientific studies aimed to quantify water stored as snow are carried out at small or medium spatial scales, but few analyses are done for the whole mountain ranges. The main goal of this work is to propose a general parsimonious methodology to estimate snow water equivalent under data scarcity for the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Spain). The methodology is easily transferable to any other study areas. It combines a dynamic regression approach of snow depth from punctual data, snow cover area data from the MODIS satellite and simulations of snow density from a coupled mass and energy balance model. The regression model includes two kinds of explanatory variables (steady and non-steady) to assess the snow depth dynamics. The dynamic of the snow density in the mountain range has been obtained using a physically based simulation driven by climate model data for the Iberian Peninsula. These three variables (snow depth, snow cover area and snow density) have been used to obtain spatially distributed series of snow water equivalent for the whole mountain range. The proposed solution allows studying the snow water equivalent distribution, duration of the snow cover and number of accumulation and melting days for different snow seasons. The mean accumulated snow water equivalent per season in the historical period is 330 Hm3 and the maximum of 480 Hm3, which is a significant amount of resources in an area characterized by limited water availability.LMB is a widely utilized material for the management of sediment-derived phosphorus (P) in eutrophic lakes. However, the properties of organic P at the sediment-water interface and the effect of LMB on organic P fractions in sediments are still unclear. The batch studies reported here indicate that LMB has good adsorption properties toward organic P (Glucose-6-phosphate), and the tentative adsorption mechanism relies on chemisorption. Laboratory microcosmic experiments were conducted to study the immobilization effect of LMB on the organic P in water and sediments. The results indicated that the concentration of total P, labile P and organic P in overlying water and pore water could be effectively reduced by LMB capping of sediments. After treatment, the optimal immobilization effects appeared on the 7th day and until the 60th day. However, the fractions of organic P change during the capping time. Active organic P eluted with NaHCO3 transforms into moderately labile or non-labile P through the physical and chemical processes, as well as microbial action. Microbial community analysis showed that the addition of LMB had inhibitory effect on the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, which also affected the transformation between various forms of o