Lucas Frisk (copysalary9)

We performed current voltage measurements under super bandgap illumination, with respect to CdS, and got an electrical response indicating a barrier free for holes transfer from the CdS to the PbS. The results indicate that the different response does, indeed, originate from variations in the band structures at the interface of the CdS/PbS heterojunction due to the different doping levels of the CdS. We found that, unlike solar cells or visible light detectors having similar structure, in SWIR photodetectors, a type I heterojunction is formed having a barrier at the interface that limits the injection of the photo-exited electrons from the QC-PbS to the CdS side. Higher n-doped CdS generates a narrow depletion region having a spike like barrier that is narrow enough to enable tunneling current, leading to a PV current. Our results show that an external efficiency of ~2% (20% internal) obtained, at zero bias. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Scattered radiation unavoidably generated in the patient will negatively impact both KV and MV imaging applications. Recently, 'hybrid' methods (i.e. combining analytical and Monte Carlo techniques) are being investigated as a solution to accurately yet quickly calculate the scattered contribution for both KV and MV images. We have developed a customized Monte Carlo (MC) simulation user code for investigating the individual components of patient-scattered photon fluence, which serves as a valuable tool in this area of research. The MC tool is based on the EGSnrc/ DOSXYZnrc user code. The IAUSFL flag options associated with subroutine AUSGAB, combined with LATCH tracking, are used to classify the various interactions of particles with the media. Photons are grouped into six different categories primary, 1st Compton scatter, 1st Rayleigh scatter, multiple scatter, bremsstrahlung, and positron annihilation. We take advantage of the geometric boundary check in DOSXYZnrc, to write exiting photon particle information to a phase-space file. The tool is validated using homogeneous and heterogeneous phantom configurations with monoenergetic and polyenergetic beams under parallel and divergent beam geometry, comparing MC simulated exit primary fluence and singly-scattered fluence to corresponding analytical calculations. This Monte Carlo tool has been validated to separately score the primary and scatter fluence components of the KV and MV imaging applications in the field of radiation therapy. The results are acceptable for the various configurations and beam energies tested here. Overall, the mean percentage differences are less than 0.2% and standard deviations less than 1.6 %. This will be a critical test instrument for research in photon scatter applications and particularly for the development of hybrid methods and is freely available from the authors for research purposes. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Exploring efficient and durable bifunctional catalysts in pH-universal media is urgent for versatile fuel cells. Herein, N-doped graphene nanotube-protected Fe-based species (Fe/Fe3C@N-G) are used for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. The composite electrocatalyst exhibits a low potential gaps (ΔE, ΔE = Ej=10 - E1/2) in pH-universal environment. The estimated values are about 0.70 V, 1.07 V and 1.10 V in alkaline, neutral, and acidic media. Neutral Zn-air battery (ZAB) is constructed by the Fe/Fe3C@N-G composite as an air electrode, exhibiting a favorable performance in energy storage with an open-circuit potential (OCP) of 1.42 V and the high power density of 80 mW/cm2. The ZAB also has a superior cycling stability with only 0.5% decay more after 1200 charge-discharge cycles at 2 mA/cm2. While, the assembled ZAB in acidic media indicates an OCP of 1.40 V, power density of 23 mW/cm2 and 612 discharge/charge cycling. The ZAB is rechargeable which shows a cycling lifespan of 120 h. This work provides potential applications of Fe/Fe3C@N-G as the air electrodes for advanced