Byrne Hussain (cokebelt3)
Two new species of Trigonalyidae are described from Tibet (SW China) Jezonogonalos nyingchiensis Chen & van Achterberg, sp. nov., and Taeniogonalos eurysoma Chen & van Achterberg, sp. nov. In total, seven species representing four genera are known from Tibet, and two of them are newly recorded from Tibet Taeniogonalos bucarinata Chen, van Achterberg, He & Xu, 2014, and Teranishia crenulata Chen, van Achterberg, He & Xu, 2014. Hua-Yan Chen, Chun-Dan Hong, Cornelis van Achterberg, Hong Pang.A checklist of scale insects recorded to date in Poland is presented. The data provided here are based on literature records and include the latest taxonomic and nomenclatural changes and updates on Coccomorpha reported in Poland. Changes in comparison with ScaleNet and Fauna Europaea electronic databases are also discussed. A total of 185 species belonging to 98 genera and 16 families are included in the list. Of this group, 47 species are alien introduced species and live only indoors, and one species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood), develops both indoors and outdoors. Bożena Łagowska, Katarzyna Golan.Ferussina Grateloup, 1827 is a European Paleogene land snail genus, which is currently classified in its own family, the Ferussinidae Wenz, 1923 (1915), in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea. The shell of this genus is remarkable by its last quarter whorl turning towards the apex instead of away from it, which is an unusual trait in terrestrial snails. We show, however, that this trait has evolved at least nine times in terrestrial Eupulmonata and Caenogastropoda, and it does not justify distinction at the family level in any of the reported cases. This observation suggests the systematic position of Ferussina should not be based on the apexward-turning last quarter whorl alone but instead on the general morphology of the shell. As a result, we re-evaluate the systematic position of the Ferussinidae and treat it as a subfamily of the Cyclophoridae. Barna Páll-Gergely, Thomas A. Neubauer.We describe a new species of polyclad flatworm, Enchiridium daidai sp. nov., from the rocky subtidal zone in the East China Sea along the coasts of the Kyushu and Okinawa Islands, Japan. Enchiridium daidai sp. nov. is characterized by i) the entire periphery of the dorsal surface narrowly fringed with orange, ii) a marginal-eyespot band extending to the position of the mouth (about anterior one-eighth of body), and iii) two prostatic vesicles covered by a common muscle sheath, which is penetrated by the ejaculatory duct. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 945-bp 28S rDNA sequences of 16 species of Prosthiostomidae currently available in public databases in addition to those of E. daidai sp. nov. and Prosthiostomum torquatum Tsuyuki et al., 2019. In the resulting tree, our new species was nested in a clade composed of Enchiridium species. The tree topology was in favor of a taxonomic view that Enchiridium should be defined by having i) a common muscle sheath that encloses two prostatic vesicles and ii) marginal eyespots that may or may not surround the periphery of the dorsal surface. Aoi Tsuyuki, Hiroshi Kajihara.A new species of temnocephalan is described from the branchial chambers of Valdivia serrata in Colombia as Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. The most distinctive characters of the new species are in the cirrus and the epidermal 'excretory' syncytial plates. In the present study, the terminology to describe the cirrus of species of Temnocephala is updated. Comparison between the shape of the cirrus of the temnocephalans associated with trichodactylid crabs is also provided. Carolina Lenis, Freddy Ruiz, Carlos Muskus, Antonio Marcilla, Imelda Vélez.Background Improving handwashing practices of mothers is important in developing countries to reduce child morbidity, mortality, and hygiene-related illnesses. This study aimed to assess mothers handwashing practice and the health effects on under-five children in north
