Storm Goldman (coffeefriend92)

To examine the Acquired Preparedness Model using a behavioral impulsivity facet and positive marijuana expectancies to examine direct and indirect effects on marijuana use and related problems. 250 college students (61.7% female, 54% white) recruited from a southeastern university. Participants completed an online survey of delay reward discounting, marijuana expectancies, consideration of future consequences, and marijuana-related outcomes. Delay reward discounting and consideration of future consequences related to marijuana-related problems, but not marijuana use. However, positive marijuana expectancies did not mediate the relation between impulsivity and marijuana outcomes. These results emphasize delay reward discounting and consideration of future consequences as important factors associated with marijuana-related problems. Interventions aimed at decreasing delay reward discounting and augmenting future orientation may be effective in college students who report light to moderate marijuanntions aimed at decreasing delay reward discounting and augmenting future orientation may be effective in college students who report light to moderate marijuana use. Future studies would benefit from longitudinal study designs using multiple impulsivity measures among light and heavy users.Elder abuse is a preventable problem. Presently, little is known about this phenomenon in Middle Eastern settings. L-α-Phosphatidylcholine molecular weight The purpose of this study was to explore elder abuse in Beirut, Lebanon from different stakeholders' points of view with a focus on identifying behaviors that are considered to be abusive to older adults and predisposing factors. Focus group discussions were carried out with 88 home- and institution-based older adults, their family members and caregivers, and with 49 stakeholders (medical professionals, institution directors, government officials). Results showed that behaviors considered abusive among Lebanese participants were comparable to reports from international studies. The most commonly mentioned risk factors were history of abuse in a seemingly dysfunctional family followed by caregivers' lack of acceptance of the physical changes that accompany aging. The response to elder abuse requires a multidimensional approach that spans protective policies to increase care providers' awareness about the physiologic changes of aging as well as concerted efforts to correct misinformation about the hidden problem of elder abuse.AbstractAquatic hypoxic events are increasing in frequency and intensity as concentrations of nutrients, such as nitrate, continue to rise from human activities. Many fish species can alter their behavior and physiology to cope with drops in oxygen, but these compensatory strategies may be compromised under high levels of nitrate pollution. Hence, we investigated whether exposure to elevated nitrate concentrations affects key behavioral (avoidance and aquatic surface respiration [ASR]) and physiological (hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, ventilation frequency, and burst and prolonged swimming performance) responses of fish to mitigate the impacts of acute hypoxia. Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) were exposed to one of three nitrate concentrations (0, 50, or 100 mg NO3- L-1) for 3 wk, after which behavioral and physiological responses of fish to progressive hypoxia were assessed. Fish exposed to nitrate utilized ASR at a higher threshold of partial pressure of oxygen during progressive hypoxia compared with control animals but did not alter behavioral avoidance of low oxygen levels. In these nitrate-exposed fish, the early onset of ASR behaviors is likely a behavioral, compensatory strategy to cope with nitrate-induced physiological disruptions, namely, increases in ventilation frequency and lower levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The physiological constraints placed by nitrate and acute hypoxia exposures manifested to lower the swim