Vind Harvey (clefpastry23)

rimary playing position, and ability to switch from fast, reactive thinking to slow, deliberative thinking. Ensuring that athletes are appropriately informed of the risks of participation is an ethical obligation of universities; sports medicine clinicians are appropriate facilitators of conversations about athletes' health risks. Some athletes view football as generally riskier, while others view football as generally lessri sky. These risk postures are informed by athletes' concussion history, primary playing position, and ability to switch from fast, reactive thinking to slow, deliberative thinking. Ensuring that athletes are appropriately informed of the risks of participation is an ethical obligation of universities; sports medicine clinicians are appropriate facilitators of conversations about athletes' health risks. There has been renewed interest in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair in throwing athletes because of a greater understanding of UCL injuries, improvement in ligament repair technology, and potentially expedited rehabilitation time and return to play relative to UCL reconstruction. To evaluate elbow articular contact and overall joint torque after UCL reconstruction and repair augmented with a collagen-coated fiber tape, InternalBrace. Controlled laboratory study. Ten matched pairs of cadaveric arms (mean age, 41 ± 11 years) were dissected to expose the UCL. Each specimen was secured into a custom test fixture at 90°, and 1 specimen from each pair underwent either a modified Jobe UCL reconstruction or UCL repair with InternalBrace. BMS-1 inhibitor Each specimen underwent 10 cycles of elbow valgus angular displacement between 0° and 5° at a rate of 1 deg/s in the intact state, after UCL avulsion, and then after UCL reconstruction or repair. Articular contact mechanics and overall joint torque and stiffness were recorded. Contact mechanics of reconstructed and repaired specimens were not significantly different. Both reconstruction and repair procedures returned the overall resistance of the joint to valgus torsion to near-intact levels. UCL repair tended to restore joint torque more closely to the intact state than did reconstruction, given that reconstruction showed a nonsignificant trend toward lower torque than the intact state ( = .07). Neither UCL reconstruction nor UCL repair with InternalBrace overconstrained the elbow joint, as both groups had similar contact pressures compared with the native joint. Both procedures also restored elbow joint torque and stiffness to levels not statistically different from the intact state. Given the sound biomechanical properties of UCL repair with InternalBrace, it may have a significant role as treatment for UCL injuries. Given the sound biomechanical properties of UCL repair with InternalBrace, it may have a significant role as treatment for UCL injuries. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS) is becoming more recognized as a diagnosis in the throwing athlete. Currently, there is limited information on the clinical presentation and development of nTOS in baseball players. To compare passive shoulder range of motion (ROM) and anatomic humeral retrotorsion (HRT) of baseball players diagnosed with nTOS with a group of healthy, matched controls. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. A total of 53 adolescent baseball players diagnosed with nTOS (age, 17.2 ± 2.3 years; height, 180.9 ± 10.1 cm; weight, 80.0 ± 13.3 kg) were compared with 53 healthy baseball players (age, 17.2 ± 2.4 years; height, 183.9 ± 9.0 cm; weight, 83.8 ± 11.5 kg). Participants were measured for shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) ROM and HRT. All measurements were taken bilaterally, and the differences (throwing to nonthrowing arm) were used to calculate mean values for glenohumeral internal rotation difference, glenohumeral e