Porter Stougaard (classbrian9)

19 metabolites in rat serum samples were retained on the cell membrane chromatography and identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among those, four components (morroniside, catalpol, loganin and acteoside) were selected for in vitro pharmacodynamics validation. They significantly increased the osteoblast proliferation. The new modified material was successfully applied to screen anti-osteoporosis components from Liuwei Dihuang Decoction-containing serum. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE The objective was to characterize both systematic and random errors in PET-based 90 Y 3D dose quantification. METHODS A modified NEMA-IEC phantom was used to emulate 90 Y-microsphere PET imaging conditions sphere activity concentrations of 1.6 and 4.8 MBq/cc, sphere-to-background ratios of 4 and 13, and sphere diameters of 13, 17, and 37 mm. PET data were acquired using a GE D690 PET/CT scanner for 300 min on day 0-11. The data were down-sampled to 60-5 min for multiple realizations to evaluate the count starvation effect. The image reconstruction algorithm was 3D-OSEM with PSF+TOF modeling; the parameters were optimized for dose volume histogram (DVH), as a 90 Y 3D dose quantification. 90 Y-PET images were converted to dose maps using the local deposition method, then the sphere DVH were calculated. The ground truth for the DVH were calculated using convolution method. Dose linearity was evaluated in decaying 90 Y activity (reduced count rate and total count) and decreasing acquisition durations (redde of errors in D80 increased from -29% to -45% acquisition duration was decreased from 300 to 10 min. For the 37-mm sphere, the errors in D20 increased from +3.5% to only +10.5% when the acquisition duration was decreased from 300 to 10 min; in the 17-mm sphere, the errors in D20 were 6.5% for both 300- and 10-min sphere images. CONCLUSIONS Count-starved 90 Y-PET data introduce both systematic and random errors. The systematic error increases the apparent non-uniformity of the DVH, while the random error increases the uncertainty in the DVH. The systematic errors were larger than the random errors. Lower count rate of 90 Y-PET also introduces systematic bias, which is scanner specific. The errors of bias-compensated mean tumor dose were 40 Gy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Honey-processed Astragalus is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine which has a better effect on reinforcing "Qi" (vital energy) than the raw one. A comparative study of metabolites analysis between them in rat serum for finding the bioactive ingredients was carried out using serum pharmacochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis. The blood collection methods and time were optimized first. Then the prototypes and metabolites of serum samples after oral administration were investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry integrated with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The contents of metabolites were also analyzed to evaluate the metabolic profile differences. As a result, 9 prototypes and 36 metabolites were identified. Only 2 prototypes and 15 metabolites were different between raw and honey-processed Astragalus. Their biotransformation reactions contained phase I which consisted of the process of oxidation, demethylation and hydrolysis and phase II which included the glucuronide conjugation or sulfate conjugation. Most of the detected metabolites were transformed from isoflavones and isoflavanes. Our results might expand the knowledge about the influence of honey-processing of Astragalus and show the different curative effects between raw and honey-processed Astragalus due to their therapeutic material discrepa