Murdock Webster (chieficicle6)

ACE2 has emerged as a double agent in the COVID-19 ordeal, as it is both physiologically protective and virally conducive. The identification of ACE2 in as many as 72 tissues suggests that extrapulmonary invasion and damage is likely, which indeed has already been demonstrated by cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. On the other hand, identifying ACE2 dysregulation in patients with comorbidities may offer insight as to why COVID-19 symptoms are often more severe in these individuals. This may be attributed to a pre-existing proinflammatory state that is further propelled with the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or the loss of functional ACE2 expression as a result of viral internalization. Here, we aim to characterize the distribution and role of ACE2 in various organs to highlight the scope of damage that may arise upon SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Furthermore, by examining the disruption of ACE2 in several comorbid diseases, we offer insight into potential causes of increased severity of COVID-19 symptoms in certain individuals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cell surface expression of ACE2 determines the tissue susceptibility for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 infection. Comorbid disease conditions altering ACE2 expression could increase the patient's vulnerability for the disease and its complications, either directly, through modulation of viral infection, or indirectly, through alteration of inflammatory status.Patients with sarcoma experience many physical and psychological symptoms, adversely affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL assessment is challenging due to the diversity of the disease. This review aims to unravel the heterogeneity of HRQoL of patients with sarcoma with regard to tumour location and to summarise the used measures in research. English-language literature from four databases published between January 2000 and April 2019 was reviewed. this website Studies that described adult sarcoma HRQoL outcomes were included and classified according to primary sarcoma location. Eighty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria covering sarcoma of the extremities (n=35), pelvis and axial skeleton (n=9), pelvis and extremities (n=5), head and neck (n=4), retroperitoneum (n=2) and multiple sarcoma locations (n=33), respectively. Urogenital and thoracic sarcoma were lacking. Fifty-four different questionnaires were used, most often cancer-generic or generic HRQoL questionnaires. Patients with sarcoma reported lower HRQoL than the general population. Distinctive patterns of HRQoL outcomes according to tumour location regarding symptoms, physical functioning, disability and psychosocial well-being were identified. In metastatic sarcoma, mostly constitutional symptoms were present. To comprehensively assess HRQoL, a sarcoma-specific measurement strategy should be developed and used covering the heterogeneity of sarcoma including location-specific issues to improve personalised HRQoL assessment in future research and clinical practice. We sought to evaluate COVID-19 clinical course in patients with IBD treated with different medication classes and combinations. Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) is a large, international registry created to monitor outcomes of IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19. We used multivariable regression with a generalised estimating equation accounting for country as a random effect to analyse the association of different medication classes with severe COVID-19, defined as intensive care unit admission, ventilator use and/or death. 1439 cases from 47 countries were included (mean age 44.1 years, 51.4% men) of whom 112 patients (7.8%) had severe COVID-19. Compared with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist monotherapy, thiopurine monotherapy (adjusted OR (aOR) 4.08, 95% CI 1.73 to 9.61) and combination therapy with TNF antagonist and thiopurine (aOR 4