Nicolaisen Bloom (chairtyvek8)

In October 2020, at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of young Brazilian photosynthesis researchers organized the 1st Brazilian Symposium on Photosynthesis. The event was free and online, with the presence of important guest speakers from all over the world, who discussed their recent works on topics related to the future and perspectives of photosynthesis research. Summarizing the expectations of this symposium we highlighted the importance of adopting a systemic perspective for a better understanding of photosynthesis as a complex and dynamic process. Plants are modular and self-regulating presenting metabolic redundancy and functional degeneration. Among the various biological processes, photosynthesis plays a crucial role in promoting the direct conversion of light energy into carbon skeletons for support growth and productivity. In the past decades, significant advances have been made in photosynthesis at the biophysical, biochemical, and molecular levels. However, this myriad of knowledge has been insufficient to answer crucial questions, such as how can we understand and eventually increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield in crops subjected to adverse environment related to climate-changing? We believe that a crucial limitation to the whole comprehension of photosynthesis is associated with a vastly widespread classic reductionist view. Moreover, this perspective is commonly accompanied by non-integrative, simplistic, and descriptive approaches to investigate a complex and dynamic process as photosynthesis. Herein, we propose the use of new approaches, mostly based on the Systems Theory, which certainly comes closer to the real world, such as the complex systems that the plants represent. Among the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), complex (MAC) is the leading cause of pulmonary disease in humans. Innate and acquired immunodeficiencies have been associated with an increased host susceptibility to NTM infections. The underlying mechanisms predisposing humans and dogs to MAC infections is being elucidated. Although MAC infection is infrequently diagnosed in dogs, a strong breed predisposition particularly for Miniature Schnauzer and Basset Hound dogs is evident. A recessively inherited defect of the adaptor protein CARD9 has recently been documented to be responsible for the increased susceptibility to MAC in the Miniature Schnauzer breed. Given the zoonotic potential of a MAC infected dog particularly to immunocompromised human patients, diseased dogs pose a public health risk. While not a reportable disease, treatment of systemic mycobacteriosis is generally not effective and discouraged in dogs. The collaborative efforts by microbiologists, veterinary clinicians, dog breeders, primary care physicians, and infectious disease specialists applying the One Health approach is therefore crucial for the best management and prevention of MAC infection. Given the zoonotic potential of a MAC infected dog particularly to immunocompromised human patients, diseased dogs pose a public health risk. While not a reportable disease, treatment of systemic mycobacteriosis is generally not effective and discouraged in dogs. The collaborative efforts by microbiologists, veterinary clinicians, dog breeders, primary care physicians, and infectious disease specialists applying the One Health approach is therefore crucial for the best management and prevention of MAC infection. We examined data from the last 5 years describing extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to lung transplantation. We assessed predictors of survival to transplantation and post-transplant mortality. The number of lung transplants performed worldwide is increasing. This is accompanied by an increase in the type of patients being transplanted, including sicker patients with more advanced disease. Consequently, there is an increase in the need for bridging strategies, with varying success. S