Dickerson Hauge (carollawyer40)

in English, French Title Infection à Toxocara  séroprévalence et facteurs de risque associés chez les enfants des écoles primaires du centre de la Chine. Abstract La toxocarose est une zoonose qui représente une menace pour la santé publique dans le monde. Dans la présente étude, nous avons étudié la séroprévalence de l’infection à Toxocara chez les enfants des écoles primaires de la province du Henan, en Chine centrale, qui était auparavant inconnue. Des sérums de 2451 enfants du primaire ont été collectés de septembre 2015 à octobre 2018 et évalués pour les anticorps anti-Toxocara par dosage immuno-enzymatique (ELISA). La séroprévalence globale de l’infection à Toxocara était de 5,14 % (126/2451). Les principaux facteurs de risque liés à l’infection à Toxocara identifiés dans cette étude étaient l’âge des enfants, la zone de résidence des enfants, le contact avec des chats ou des chiens et l’exposition au sol. Le lavage des mains avant de manger a été considéré comme un facteur de protection. Ces résultats démontrent que l’infection à Toxocara est relativement courante chez les enfants des écoles primaires de la province du Henan.Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. read more The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.Limiting free sugars to less then 5% of energy intake is a World Health Organization evidence-based recommendation to protect oral health throughout the life course. Achieving this requires a concerted approach with upstream interventions, including legislation underpinning community interventions and health promotion. Global production and trade are the main drivers of sugars consumption, which can be addressed only through prioritization of health impacts in agricultural and trade agreements, including pricing and subsidies. Increasing evidence demonstrates the benefit, including dental benefits, of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, a major source of sugars-with taxes based on sugars content being favored due to the dual impact in incentivizing consumers to buy less and encouraging producers to use less through product reformulation. A benefit of product reformulation is that the potential impact on sugars intake occurs independent of consumer behavior change, making the benefits more equitable across sonecessary sugars reduction;