Bak Voss (cafemath4)

There have been several means of proposing ways to treat these diseases. One of the most widely known risks for diabetes is the aforementioned gallstone development, which often leads to the removal of the gallbladder by a cholecystectomy. DISCUSSION Overall, there are many problems for the GI system in general with diabetes, including gastroparesis and other diseases that have a wide range of morbidity and mortality rates and treatment options. Through this review, a focus will be taken on the diabetic complications that arise on the gallbladder and associations to it. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Curcumin is among the most extensively studied phytochemicals. Curcumin is isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. This naturally occurring nutraceutical compound has a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective and anti-diabetic ones. Wnt signaling pathway is known to play a significant role in different diseases, as well as in embryogenesis and development of various organs and systems. The effects of Curcumin on the Wnt signaling pathway will be largely described to identify that how Curcumin changes Wnt pathway to exert its therapeutic effects. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng, a Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat vascular diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications of diabetic microangiopathy. According to recent studies, the application of Panax notoginseng extract and related Chinese patent medicine preparations can significantly improve DR. However, the pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to decipher the potential mechanism of Panax notoginseng treatment of DR using network pharmacology. METHOD We evaluated and screened the active compounds of Panax notoginseng using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and collected potential targets of the compounds by target fishing. A multi-source database was also used to organize targets of DR. A potential target as a treatment of DR with Panax notoginseng was then obtained by matching the compound targets with the DR targets. Using protein-protein interaction networks and topological analysis, intsis, inflammation, and apoptosis with VEGFA, MMP-9, MMP-2, FGF2, and COX-2 being possible targets. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly expressed on a variety of tumour tissues while several GPCR exogenous ligands become marketed pharmaceuticals since they can target GPCRs to modulate plenty of cancer cell functions. In recent decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) become widely investigated drug targets for cancer therapy but its underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. There are vigorous participations of GPCRs in CSCs-related signalling and functions, such as biomarkers for CSCs, essential receptors for activating Wnt, Hedgehog (HH) and other signalling pathways to facilitate CSCs progressions. This relationship can not only uncover a novel molecular mechanism for GPCR-mediated cancer cell functions but also assist our understanding in maintaining and modulating CSCs. Moreover, GPCR antagonists and monoclonal antibodies could be applied to impair CSCs functions and consequently attenuate tumour growth, which are anticipated to turn into marketed anticancer drugs via monotherapy or combination therapy with validated chemicals after clinical studies. Therefore, this review summarizes and provides sufficient evidences on regulation of GPCR signalling in the maintenance, differentiation and pluripotency of CSCs, linking GPCRs with CSCs, and suggesting targeting GPCRs on the surface of CSCs as potential therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. Copyright© Be