Tranberg Skaaning (bubblecomb3)

Oral immunization with U-Omp19 induced protection against LT challenge when co-formulated with dmLT in CD-1 and BALB/c mice. Indeed, there was a significant increase in anti-LT IgG and IgA avidity after a single oral administration of dmLT plus U-Omp19 in comparison with dmLT delivered alone. Interestingly, sera from dmLT plus U-Omp19 vaccinated mice significantly neutralize LT effect on intestine inflammation in vivo compared with sera from the group immunized with dmLT alone. These results demonstrate the adjuvant capacity of U-Omp19 to increase dmLT immunogenicity by the oral route and support its use in an oral subunit vaccine formulation against ETEC.Kawasaki disease (KD) is an uncommon condition occasionally reported after childhood vaccination. Admissions with a KD-compatible diagnosis identified from a national database in England were linked to immunisation records to investigate the risk after pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) or meningococcal B (MenB) vaccines. Both are given at 2/4/12 months of age but were introduced sequentially, allowing their effects to be separately assessed. A total of 553 linked admissions in 512 individuals were validated as KD. The relative incidence (RI) within 28 days of PCV doses 1 or 2 measured by the self-controlled case-series method was 0.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-1.00) with a significantly decreased risk after dose 3 (RI 0.30 (95% CI 0.11-0.77)). For MenB vaccine, the RI after doses 1 or 2 was 1.03 (95% CI 0.51-2.05) and 0.64 (95% CI 0.08-5.26) after dose 3. This study shows no evidence of an increased risk of KD after either vaccine.There is evidence to support an impact of ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues on the progression or recurrence of multiple sclerosis. In addition, there is no universally acknowledged approach toward ovarian stimulation in patients with multiple sclerosis. This report describes two patients at a large tertiary university hospital who underwent an in-vitro maturation protocol in order to avoid a risk of exacerbating their multiple sclerosis by ovarian stimulation. Both patients were referred to the infertility clinic because of the concern of exacerbation of multiple sclerosis during or after ovarian stimulation treatment. The patients underwent the in-vitro maturation protocol to avoid ovarian stimulating agents. Both patients gave birth to healthy babies at term. They did not suffer any relapses of multiple sclerosis during their treatment or during pregnancy. Exacerbation of disease related to ovarian stimulation encourages the search for a safer approach to these patients. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first babies described in the literature who were born after in-vitro maturation to mothers suffering from multiple sclerosis. In-vitro maturation can thus be recommended as an alternative in suitable women with multiple sclerosis.The advent of vitrification has transformed the therapeutic landscape in assisted reproductive technology. Clear evidence for this is provided by the dramatic rise in the number of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles being carried out annually. In this review, we examine the reasons that underlie this trend and the current evidence that points to the place FET cycles will come to inhabit in the future. Safety issues have been central to the narrative around the clinical application of vitrification and, as the evidence base grows, the risk benefit balance will become clearer for different patient groups. These will include recipients of donor eggs, as in some centres the use of cryopreserved donor eggs now exceeds that of fresh oocytes. Efficient cryopreservation techniques have also affected international transport of gametes and embryos, increasing international access. The profound changes that vitrification has created promises to fulfil a prediction made by this journal's founding Editor, Bob Edwards, that embryo and cryopreservation would solve many of the challenges p