Mahoney Shaw (bakerycourse23)

Results In cars compliant with the new regulations, gasoline (E10) displayed the highest PM concentrations and toxicological responses, while the higher ethanol blend (E85) resulted in slightly lower exhaust gas PM concentrations and notably lower toxicological responses in comparison. Engines powered by modern diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) yielded the lowest PM concentrations and toxicological responses. Conclusions The present study shows that toxicity of the exhaust gas PM varies depending on the fuels used. Additionally, concentration and toxicity of PM from an older diesel car were vastly higher, compared to contemporary vehicles, indicating the beneficial effects of the new emissions regulations.Background Stress shielding and bone loss of the femur are of great concern after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) with extensively porous-coated stems, especially in a femur with already bone loss. The femoral bone remodeling patterns after revision THA with femoral bone defects using extensively porous-coated stems with cortical strut allografts remain unclear. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 47 patients who underwent revision THA using extensively porous-coated stems combined with cortical strut allografts and 75 patients without allografts. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. Femoral bone remodeling signs, including stress shielding, bone restoration in bone defect area, distal cortical hypertrophy, and femoral width, were compared between patients with and without cortical strut allografts. Clinical outcomes were also compared between two groups. Results Patients with cortical strut allografts showed less severe stress shielding (P = 0.01) than patients without allografts. Patients with allografts had more osseous restoration in bone defect area than patients without allografts (63.8% vs 30.7%, P less then 0.001). Femoral width was significantly higher in femur with allografts than in femur without allografts at the immediate postoperative stage and latest follow-up (both P less then 0.001). The hip function score, re-revision rate, and complications were comparable between two groups. Conclusion The application of cortical strut allografts can decrease the severity of stress shielding, augment osseous restoration in bone defect area and improve femoral bone stock after revision THA using extensively porous-coated stems.Background Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have become the most common diagnostic tool for detection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, in particular in remote areas. RDT blood spots provide a source of parasite DNA for molecular analysis. In this study, the utility of RDTs for molecular analysis and the performance of different methods for whole genome amplification were investigated. Methods Positive P. falciparum RDTs were collected from Kayin, Myanmar from August 2014 to January 2016. The RDT samples were stored for 6 months, 9 months, 20 months, 21 months, and 32 months before DNA extraction and subsequent molecular analysis of P. falciparum kelch 13 (pfkelch13) mutations, P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1), and P. falciparum plasmepsin 2 (pfplasmepsin2) gene amplification. In addition, performance of four whole genome amplification (WGA) kits were compared, including REPLI-g®, MALBACTM, PicoPLEX®, and GenomePlex®, for which DNA quantity and quality were compared between original DNA and post-WGAof RDT-derived parasite DNA reliably increase DNA quantity with sufficient quality for molecular analysis of resistance markers.Background Several studies have investigated the association between non-statin lipid-lowering therapy and regression of atherosclerosis. However, these studies were mostly small and their results were not always robust. The objectives were (1) to define if a dual lipid-lowering therapy (statin + non-statin drugs) is associated with coronary atherosclerosis regression, estimated by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS); (2) to assess the association between dual lip