Fogh Lillelund (avenuetaxi35)

Entertainment-education an emerging new concept has garnered light from many educators and researchers. The study expounds on incorporation of edutainment in dental curriculum, using animations, and games. The review is an expositor of the designs of educational tools devised, the advantages, limitations and students perception towards the unconventional pedagogy technique. The database of sciencedirect, pubmed and google scholar was pursued for publications on games, animations and mime used in dental curriculum up to May 10, 2020. The electronic and manual search showcased 73 titles with 39 full-texts, out of which 9 were clinical trials and are discussed in this review. Edutainment tools comprising of games (n=5), animations (n=3) and mime (n=1) were utilized to explain the topics of nervous system, action potentials, dentin bonding, blood grouping, cranial nerves, drug interaction, periodontal health education, and cardiac cycle. The edutainment though a recent expedition, is highly promising when reinforced with classroom lectures. It is associated with improved understanding, enhanced student engagement and better test scores. The ease of availability, accessibility of such tools providing fun and amusement, is positively intercepted by the students and has an optimistic impact on teaching dental subjects. The edutainment though a recent expedition, is highly promising when reinforced with classroom lectures. It is associated with improved understanding, enhanced student engagement and better test scores. The ease of availability, accessibility of such tools providing fun and amusement, is positively intercepted by the students and has an optimistic impact on teaching dental subjects. To investigate whether mechanical vibration at 30 or 60Hz combined with compressive force alter IL-1β and TNF-α expression in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. hPDL cells isolated from the roots of first premolar teeth extracted from four independent donors were cultured and exposed to vibration (0.3g, 20min per cycle, every 24h for 3 cycles) at 30 or 60Hz (V30 or V60), 2.0g/cm compressive force for 2 days (CF), or a combination of compressive force and vibration at 30Hz or 60Hz (V30CF or V60CF). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to determine IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein, respectively. The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α did not alter in groups V30 and V60. While, they were upregulated in groups CF, V30CF and V60CF. In addition, IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA and protein were expressed at significantly higher levels in group V30CF compared to CF group. However, IL-1β protein levels between V30CF and CF groups did not reach statistical significance. 30Hz vibration had the synergistic effects with compressive force on the upregulation of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA and protein in PDL cells, while 60Hz vibration did not have this synergistic effect. 30 Hz vibration had the synergistic effects with compressive force on the upregulation of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA and protein in PDL cells, while 60 Hz vibration did not have this synergistic effect.Dental implants have been in used as a successful mode of rehabilitation of lost dentition for over three decades. Science and techniques have undergone significant progress with time and clinical situations that were deemed unfit for insertion of dental implants due to lack of sufficient bone are now being treated using implants with predictable long term results. Clinicians can now rehabilitate the posterior maxilla with a wide variety of implant-based solutions. There are complications associated with this procedure which may be attributed to diagnostics or the surgical protocol itself and a multitude of management approaches have been suggested in the literature. This report elucidates one such case of management of a large pe