Schofield Whitley (atmsack4)

The NAFLD patients included higher smoking rates, biochemical parameters (TG, TC, LDL-C and FBS) and DTAC scores, compared with control groups (P-value less then 0⋅05). However, patients with NAFLD had lower HDL levels and physical activities, compared with the control group. The highest tertile of DTAC showed lower odds of NAFLD, compared with the lowest tertile. This association was significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 0⋅19; 95 % CI, 0⋅9-0⋅34; P for trend 0⋅001). Findings suggest that the promotion of naturally increased antioxidant capacities may help prevent odds of NAFLD. Smokeless tobacco (ST) use is one of the most important public health problems in Southeast Asia. The use of these substances increases the incidence of some cancers and other diseases. The purpose of this review study was to investigate on ST use in Iran. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and three national databases [Scientific Information Database (SID), IranMedex, and IranDoc] based on the standard search strategy. Most consumer people lived in Sistan and Baluchestan Province (Zahedan and Chabahar Cities) and Golestan Province, Iran. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium cell line ST use rates ranged from 11.0% to 45.7% among college students in Sistan and Baluchestan (Zahedan and Chabahar) and Golestan. There are various types of ST consumed in Iran that have been mentioned in various articles, including Pan, Gutka, Nass, Naswar, Biti, and Supari. Most studies on ST have been conducted in Sistan and Baluchestan and Golestan Provinces and we need more research for other provinces. Consumption by women is a warning and a threat to women's health in the future. Further studies will be needed to find out more precisely the prevalence of consumption in Iran. Most studies on ST have been conducted in Sistan and Baluchestan and Golestan Provinces and we need more research for other provinces. Consumption by women is a warning and a threat to women's health in the future. Further studies will be needed to find out more precisely the prevalence of consumption in Iran. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the most toxic environmental exposures and passive smoking is an important general health problem. Children are the most vulnerable group to ETS exposure. This study aimed to compare the salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation levels in passive smoking and nonsmoking adolescents aged 12-15 years. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 80 adolescents aged 12-15 years. The case group included passive smokers and the control group comprised nonsmokers. These groups were age- and sex-matched ones. Unstimulated saliva of both groups was collected using the spitting method. Then, the salivary total antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels were measured using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. The independent samples t-test was used for data comparison. There was a significant difference in salivary total antioxidant levels between the case group (51.98 ± 88.97 µM) and the control group (174.35 ± 148.15 µM) (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference between the case group (0.97 ± 1.96) and the control group (0.81 ± 0.97) in lipid peroxidation levels (P = 0.542). It seems that passive smoking can reduce the salivary TAC of adolescents, thereby threatening oral cavity health. It seems that passive smoking can reduce the salivary TAC of adolescents, thereby threatening oral cavity health. Smartphone usage has increasing during recent years. Since its excessive use can have negative consequences, it is important to know how users use it and become dependent on it. This study was aimed at exploring how university students use their phones, how they depend on them, and the possible cons