Campbell Bowman (asiacorn45)

Considering that dHG-5 possesses strong anti-iXase and antithrombotic activities, and its preparation process is simpler and its yield is higher compared with oHG-8, it might be a promising antithrombotic candidate. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.OBJECTIVE Obesity is characterized by a disturbed hemostatic balance with increased coagulation and impaired fibrinolysis. This increases the risk of thrombosis, and the risk is lowered after obesity surgery. Over the past 25 years, several studies have contributed to understand the mechanisms behind the antithrombotic effect of obesity surgery, and this literature review summarizes the results of these studies. METHODS A detailed literature search on the effects of obesity surgery on the hemostatic balance was conducted. RESULTS The 25 relevant studies reviewed demonstrated that obesity surgery has favorable effects on many biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The evidence is substantial for fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 with average reductions from 1 to 24 months after obesity surgery of 17 and 48%, respectively. For most other biomarkers, the evidence is moderate or weak with average effect sizes varying from 2% for fiber mass length ratio to 70% for prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and with a large variation between studies. Many studies are small and of short duration, and the surgical techniques differ. Also, studies are confounded by changes in medication, comorbidity, diet, and exercise. It is unknown whether the hemostatic changes are mediated by weight loss alone or by the accompanying metabolic improvements. CONCLUSION Despite issues of confounding, this review suggests that obesity surgery shifts the hemostatic balance in the antithrombotic direction, thereby reducing the thrombotic potential of people with obesity, but more studies are needed for most of the biomarkers. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.Thrombo-inflammation describes the complex interplay between blood coagulation and inflammation that plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. The third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis assembled basic, translational, and clinical scientists to discuss the origin and potential consequences of thrombo-inflammation in the etiology, diagnostics, and management of patients with cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. This article presents a state-of-the-art reflection of expert opinions and consensus recommendations regarding the following topics (1) challenges of the endothelial cell barrier; (2) circulating cells and thrombo-inflammation, focused on platelets, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps; (3) procoagulant mechanisms; (4) arterial vascular changes in atherogenesis; attenuating atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury; (5) management of patients with arterial vascular disease; and (6) pathogenesis of venous thrombosis and late consequences of venous thromboembolism. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.With the aim of reducing the overall burden of care, ESGE recommends against surveillance of a series of conditions. Namely ESGE RECOMMENDS against surveillance of individuals with the following an inlet esophageal patch; Los Angeles (LA) grade A or B erosive esophagitis; or less then 1 cm columnar-lined esophagus. ESGE RECOMMENDS against surveillance of those with intestinal metaplasia limited to the antrum unless additional risk factors are present, such as persistent Helicobacter pylori infection, incomplete metaplasia, or a family history of gastric cancer; or for fundic gland polyps in the absence of suspicious endoscopic features or hereditary syndromes. ESGE RECOMMENDS against surveillance of gastrointestinal leiomyomas, lipomas, and antral pancreatic rests, provided that these lesions have typical ultrasonographic features. ESGE RECOMMENDS against routine endoscopic surveillance in duodenal peptic ulcer, unl