Buur Deleon (applemargin1)

We provide descriptions of these research areas, highlight examples and give suggestions for future research. The PC-based driver training programme, Risk Awareness and Perception Training (RAPT) has been successful in improving young drivers' hazard anticipation and mitigation responses in both simulator and on-road studies. The current research aimed to evaluate the success of an adaptation of this training for the UK context, along with investigating the impact of the presentation modality on RAPT effectiveness. Traditionally RAPT has been delivered on a PC monitor, which does not allow the same range of head and eye movements that drivers use when on the road. Thus, it was anticipated that the 360° field-of-view provided by Head Mounted Display (HMD) technology would provide a more ecologically valid experience, facilitating deeper processing and encoding of driving relevant scanning patterns, and an increased capacity to identify potentially hazardous areas of a driving scenario. Using a between-subjects design, three different training modalities were compared - a PC-based version using still images (PC-Stills), a HMD version using still images (HMD-Stills), and a HMD version using videos (HMD-video). All three training groups' performance on the UK Hazard Perception test was compared to that of a control group, who received no training. Results indicated that the adaptation of the training materials for the UK context was successful, with all three training programmes leading to performance improvements in the RAPT tests. Although participants in the HMD-video condition required more attempts to pass the training, this group showed the greatest improvement in hazard perception scores from the pre- to the post-training tests. Results also showed scenario-based differences between the modalities, suggesting that the success of different versions of RAPT may be linked to the type of risky scenario being targeted. This study aims to validate a conceptual model for shoulder pain risk factors in two independent samples of male industrial workers the Cosali cohort (n = 334) and one pharmaceutical company (n = 487). Direct and indirect relationships between work organization factors (automatic speed of a machine or movement of a product and work pace dependent on customers' demand), psychosocial factors (Job strain model), biomechanical factors (working with abducted arms, working with arms at or above shoulder level, and perceived physical exertion), perceived stress, and shoulder pain were explored using structural equation models. Shoulder pain was positively associated with biomechanical exposure in both samples, and with perceived stress only in the pharmaceutical preparation manufacturer, while factors related to work organization and psychosocial factors had indirect impacts on the risk of chronic shoulder pain in both samples. The results provide a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between workplace risk factors and shoulder pain. The present study investigated effects of cognitive and visual loads on driving performance after take-over request (TOR) in an automated driving task. Participants completed automated driving in a driving simulator without a non-driving related task, with an easy non-driving related task, and with a difficult non-driving related task. The primary task was to monitor the environment and the system state. An N-back task and a Surrogate Reference Task (SuRT) were adapted to induce cognitive and visual loads respectively. The system followed a front vehicle automatically. Driving performance was measured by responses to a critical event (appearance of a broken-down car) after the automated system issued TOR and then terminated. High subjective difficulty of the N-back task was related to increased time and increased steering angle variance in the time course from onset of steering control to lane change, wh