Kondrup Korsgaard (adultshrimp14)

Metro and data center networks are growing rapidly, while global fixed Internet traffic growth shows evidence of slowing. An analysis of the distribution of network capacity versus distance reveals capacity gaps in networks important to wireless backhaul networks and cloud computing. These networks are built from layers of electronic aggregation switches. Photonic integration and software-defined networking control are identified as key enabling technologies for the use of optical switching in these applications. Advances in optical switching for data center and metro networks in the CIAN engineering research center are reviewed and examined as potential directions for optical communication system evolution.Based on our results of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) center-of-curvature tests where we were able to measure dynamic amplitudes of Zernike terms to the order of a few picometers, we have applied the same approach to determine if it is possible to measure the accuracy of higher-order Zernike terms as a function of time rather than frequency, i.e., static measurements in place of measuring the amplitude of frequency components. We have applied this approach to data taken for the JWST backplane structure test article (BSTA) in 2006 and find that we can measure effects at the sub-nanometer level, as small as 50 pm for Zernike terms over 30. We conclude that these results show it will be possible to use these techniques to ensure that the optics and support structure for large space telescopes can meet the necessary stability requirements for detecting spectral signatures of life on Earth-like extra-solar planets.This focus issue presents a snapshot of some of the research at the Wyant College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. While formally the research areas in the College are in the optical engineering, optical physics, photonics, and image science fields, the papers in this feature issue provide a glimpse into the research depth and breadth at the Wyant College.In April of 1972, Professor Roland Shack presented a series of four colloquium talks at the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona in which he reformulated scalar diffraction theory in terms of the direction cosines of the propagation vectors of the angular spectrum of plane waves described by the Fourier integral transform of the diffracting aperture. The fourth lecture, entitled Radiometry and Lambert's Law, described diffuse reflectance and surface scatter phenomena as merely a diffraction phenomenon caused by random phase variations in the system pupil function. BAY 2666605 datasheet In 1974, he elegantly condensed these four lectures into a single colloquium talk entitled A Global View of Diffraction. This paper is intended to provide a compilation showing the further development of that work over the last 46 years.Imaging the curved Earth from above typically results in a distorted image with reduced spatial resolution near the edge of the field. The effect is proportional to the field of view (FOV) and altitude. It is similar to the negative (barrel) distortion common in fish-eye lenses, but is due here to the convex object and not the optical system. Although image processing methods exist to partially correct for negative distortion, the reduced spatial resolution near the edge of the field is unrecoverable. Instead this can be corrected for optically by inducing the right amount of positive distortion into the optical design. The amount of positive distortion required to counter the negative distortion from the curved Earth is calculated as a function of FOV and altitude. An optical system with positive distortion is more challenging to design than with negative distortion as this increases the FOV in image space and requires a larger focal plane array. An off-axis, all-reflective design with f/2.5, 2.5 in. effective focal length, 70∘×4∘ FOV, +13% distortion is shown that could be used as a push-b